U.S. #698
1931 20¢ Golden Gate

Issue Date: September 8, 1931
First City: Washington, DC

Opening of the Golden Gate Bridge

U.S. #698
1931 20¢ Golden Gate

Issue Date: September 8, 1931
First City: Washington, DC

Opening of the Golden Gate Bridge

On May 28, 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge officially opened to traffic.  It was the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time of its opening and was dubbed a “Wonder of the World” structure.

The Golden Gate is a narrow passage of water that connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean.  Formed by the erosive water from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers during the Ice Age, the deep channel features powerful tidal currents.  Dense fog forms over the region as cool, moist, ocean air travels inland and meets warmer temperatures.  The frequent thick fog may help to explain why several seasoned explorers failed to discover the Golden Gate until 1769.

On August 5, 1775, Juan de Ayala steered his ship, the San Carlos, into the bay, becoming the first European to pass through the strait.  It became known as the Boca del Puerto de San Francisco, or the Mouth of the Port of San Francisco.  John C. Frémont renamed the area in 1846, and wrote in his memoirs, “To this Gate I gave the name of Chrysopylae,” which means Golden Gate.

The idea of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait was proposed as early as 1872.  During the early 1900s, many engineers doubted it could be done, and others speculated it would cost as much as $100 million.  In 1930, after much discussion, voters within the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District put their homes, farms, and businesses up as collateral to support a $35 million bond issue to finance building the bridge.  The bridge was developed from the imagination of engineer Joseph Strauss, with the help of architect Irving Morrow, bridge designer Leon Moisseiff, and engineer Charles Alton Ellis.

When construction of the bridge was started on January 5, 1933, the contractors encountered some unique difficulties.  To lay the earthquake-proof foundation, they had to blast rock that was under water.  They also had to contend with the weather – on one foggy day, a ship collided with the bridge, causing extensive damage.  Construction workers had to take special safety precautions when building the bridge as well.  A safety net under the bridge saved the lives of 19 men who proudly formed the “Half Way to Hell Club.”  However, on February 17, 1937, ten men died when a scaffold fell through the net.  Construction was completed on April 19, 1937.

The bridge’s opening was celebrated with a week of events called Golden Gate Bridge Opening Fiesta Week, lasting from May 27 to June 2.  The week’s events kicked off on May 27 with Pedestrian Day.  Some 18,000 people lined up to be among the first to cross the bridge when it opened at 6 a.m.  Over the course of the day, about 200,000 people crossed the bridge.  Many “firsts” were recorded, including the first to run, roller skate, tap dance, ride a unicycle, play the harmonica, push a baby carriage, play the tuba, or cross on stilts.  The day’s events also included a parade and fireworks.

On May 28, the bridge officially opened to traffic.  The day began with a dedication ceremony at 9:30 a.m., followed by the International California Redwood Log-Barrier Sawing Contest.  At 11 a.m., 500 planes from Naval aircraft carriers flew over the bridge.  Then at noon, President Franklin Roosevelt pressed a telegraph key from his office in the White House to declare the bridge open.

The Golden Gate Bridge is a miracle of engineering.  Its 4,200-foot-long main section is suspended from two cables hung from towers 746 feet high.  At the middle of the bridge, the road is 265 feet above the water.  The Golden Gate Bridge is an internationally recognized symbol of American know-how and ingenuity.  When it was completed in 1937, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world.  The American Society of Civil Engineers also honored it as a “Wonder of the World” structure.

Two years later, the bridge was included in the celebration of the Golden Gate Exposition.  The exposition was held on the 400-acre, man-made “Treasure Island” in the San Francisco Bay from February 18, 1939, to October 29, 1939.  The Exposition was a World’s Fair, celebrating the Golden Gate as well as the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge (opened in 1936).

The expo’s theme was “Pageant of the Pacific.”  With this theme, the exposition looked beyond America, with the architecture and flavor reflecting a unique blend of European, Asian, and Latin American influences.  The Golden Gate International Exposition was California’s most recent fair of this impressive size.

Watch a brief video about opening day.

The Most Perfect U.S. Stamps?

Issued as the U.S. spiraled into the Great Depression, the beautifully engraved Series of 1926-31 captures the spirit of America – the wisdom of our greatest leaders, the power of the majestic Niagara Falls, and the romance of the Wild West.  This achievement is even more impressive when one considers the limitations the Bureau of Engraving and Printing worked with during the worldwide Depression. 

“This series of definitive stamps represents, if not perfection, then at least a high degree of achievement by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing.” – Noted philatelic author Gary Griffith

The Series of 1926-31 features the historic designs and patriotic symbolism of the Series of 1922.  However, the new series was printed on a rotary intaglio press, saving time and money as it was printed in continuous rolls.   The rolls were then threaded into a perforator, pulled through the machine under high tension, and perforated horizontally and vertically in a single step.  A 10-gauge perforation had been the standard used to prevent the paper from tearing during production.   To overcome complaints that stamps perforated 10 gauge were hard to separate, a quantity of the 2¢ stamps (U.S. #634, the first Series of 1926-31 denomination to be issued) were given experimental perforations of 11 x 101/2. 

The experiment was a success – the stamps were sturdy enough to withstand the production process yet easy to separate for postal use.  The Bureau of Engraving and Printing applied the compound perforations to the entire Series of 1926-31.  In fact, the compound perforation stamps were so successful the format was used for the next 10 years, including the 1938 Presidential and 1954 Liberty Series.