U.S. #4322
2011 44¢ Tennessee
Flags of Our Nation
Issue Date: August 11, 2011
City: Columbus, Ohio
Printed By: Sennett Security Products
Printing Method: Photogravure
Color: multicolored
Tennessee Becomes 16th State
On June 1, 1796, Tennessee was admitted to the Union.
The first known groups of Indians to live in Tennessee were the Mound Builders, who moved to the region about 1,000 years ago. They used mounds for burial places, as platforms for temples, and for the homes of chiefs. Many of these mounds are gigantic, and they were built without the aid of horses and oxen. Some of the mounds resemble animals when viewed from high above, and some mounds are shaped geometrically. Cherokee and Chickasaw Indians lived in the region when Europeans arrived.
A party of Spanish explorers led by Hernando de Soto raided some Indian villages in the Tennessee River valley in 1540. The party continued westward, and in 1541, de Soto became the first European to reach the Mississippi River. In 1673, the English explorers James Needham and Gabriel Arthur explored the Tennessee valley, and Louis Jolliet of Canada and Father Jacques Marquette of France sailed down the Mississippi River.
However, it wasn’t until 1682 that René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, claimed the Mississippi region, which includes Tennessee, in the name of France. To protect the claim, Cavalier built Fort Prud’homme on the Chickasaw Bluffs. The site was so isolated that it was soon abandoned. French settlers began moving to the Mississippi Valley and called the area New France. In 1714, Charles Charleville set up a French trading post at French Lick, near what is now Nashville, Tennessee.
The French, Spanish, and English all claimed Tennessee and competed for trade with the Indians. Spain eventually gave up on its claims, but Britain and France developed a fierce rivalry. In 1754, the French and Indian War began between French and British settlers. Although the French were outnumbered 20 to 1, they held the upper hand in the early years of the conflict. But after nine years of fierce fighting, the British were victorious. In 1763, the French surrendered all of their claims east of the Mississippi to the British.
With the conclusion of the French and Indian War, English settlers from Virginia and North Carolina began moving to Tennessee. In fact, the area was governed as part of the colony of North Carolina. However, due to its isolation from the rest of colony – because of the Appalachian, Great Smokey, and Blue Ridge Mountains – it often had little involvement with North Carolina. In 1772, settlers in the area established their own government, the Watauga Association. This government created one of the first written constitutions in North America.
The Transylvania Company bought a large portion of present-day Tennessee and Kentucky from the Cherokee Indians in 1755. The legendary frontiersman Daniel Boone blazed the famous Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap, opening this vast territory for new settlement. Boone and about 30 other woodsmen created the road by improving various Indian trails and buffalo paths.
In 1779, James Robertson and John Donelson led settlers to Big Salt Lick on the Cumberland River. They built Fort Nashborough, which later became Nashville. This fort became the center of the Middle Tennessee settlements.
During the American Revolution, pioneers from Tennessee, under the leadership of John Sevier, were a major factor in the victory over the British at the Battle of Kings Mountain, South Carolina, on October 7, 1780.
Conflicts between settlers and Indians increased in Tennessee. In 1784, when North Carolina failed to send aid to the settlers, three counties revolted and formed the State of Franklin. North Carolina regained control of these counties in 1788, but, in 1789, gave ownership of all of Tennessee to the United States. The U.S. named this area The Territory of the United States South of the River Ohio.
On February 6, 1796, the territory adopted a constitution in preparation for statehood. On June 1, 1796, Tennessee became the 16th state to enter the Union. It was the first state to be created out of government territory.
Three men, who would later become presidents, played key roles in creating the new state: Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and Andrew Johnson. Jackson helped write the state’s first constitution, served as a political and military leader, and served as a Tennessee Supreme Court judge. Polk also was an important political leader and served as governor of the state. A political leader, Johnson worked hard for the poor and struggled to keep his state in the Union during the Civil War.
Tennessee was the last state to secede from the Union. Many Civil War battles were fought in the state. One of the bloodiest battles of the entire war, the Battle of Shiloh, was fought near the Tennessee River near Pittsburg Landing. The Battle of Shiloh was an important victory for the Union. Control of the city of Chattanooga was highly contested during the war, with possession switching several times. Through the leadership of Andrew Johnson, Tennessee became the first Confederate state to re-join the Union.
The Civil War had left much of Tennessee destroyed. However, over time the state began to rebuild its economy and infrastructure. Many of the state’s large plantations were divided into smaller farms. Without slaves, the farmers were no longer able to make their cotton crops as profitable. It took about 40 years for the state’s agricultural industry to recover from the war.
Flags of Our Nation, Set V: The Flags of Our Nation stamps issued in 2011 is the fifth group of the series. The stamps show historic state flags, as well as a “snapshot” image that shares some of each state’s character.
Tennessee’s rivers and mountains give the state three distinct land regions. The stars on its state flag represent these East, Middle, and West divisions of the state.
East Tennessee is located in the Appalachian Mountains, with culture similar to that of other states in Appalachia. It is home to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the most visited park in the nation. This area is considered the birthplace of country music because of the many famous musicians who call East Tennessee their home.
In the state’s midsection, mountains give way to rolling hills and fertile valleys. Nashville, the capital, known as “Music City,” is visited by millions of tourists each year.
The boundaries of West Tennessee are clearly defined by the Tennessee River on the east and the Mississippi River on the west. The city of Memphis is located in this predominantly agricultural region.
The Grand Divisions, as the areas are called, are such an important part of Tennessee’s identity that the three stars representing them on the state flag are used by businesses and sports teams throughout the state. The surrounding blue circle is a reminder of the unity of the state.
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