# 2346 - 1988 25c Bicentenary Statehood: New York

U.S. #2346
1988 25¢ New York
Bicentenary Statehood

• 11^th stamp in Bicentenary Statehood Series
• Pictures NYC’s Federal Hall and Trinity Church
• Issued on 200^th statehood anniversary

Stamp Category:  Commemorative
Series:  Bicentenary Statehood
Value:  25¢, first-class rate
First Day of Issue:  July 26, 1988
First Day City:  Albany, New York
Quantity Issued:  183,290,000
Printed by:  Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method:  Lithographed, engraved, & photogravure
Format:  Panes of 50 in sheets of 200
Perforations:  11

Why the stamp was issued:  As part of a series honoring the 200^th statehood anniversaries of the first 13 US states.

About the stamp design:  The USPS found the New York stamp perhaps the most challenging of all the stamps in the series.  With its diverse geography, culture, and history, the USPS wasn’t sure which way to go.  They also knew they had to separate New York City from New York State, but not leave it out entirely.  Over the course of the project, four different artists submitted artwork with sketches including Niagara Falls, the NYC skyline, the two superimposed, the Erie Canal, the state seal, a portion of the state seal, a painting of the Hudson River, the “I (heart) New York” slogan and the “Big Apple.” 

Eventually, the USPS selected Federal Hall in New York City for the stamp’s main subject.  Located on Wall Street in lower Manhattan, it had once served as New York’s City Hall and housed the Congress of the Confederation.  It was also there that George Washington took his first oath of office as president in 1789, as depicted on a 1939 stamp (US #854).  Bradbury Thompson found an engraving of the building from an interesting perspective, looking up Wall Street toward Broadway.  The engraving came from an old newspaper, but an extensive search was unable to identify the original artist or source, but it’s suspected it may have been created in the 1930s during the Washington Bicentennial. Thompson also added in Trinity Church, which had burned down in 1776 and hadn’t been rebuilt by the date on the stamp.  In response to complaints over this fact, the USPS said the image was reminiscent of the era.

First Day City:  The First Day ceremony for this stamp was held at the State Museum in Albany, New York’s state capital.  The actual ratification 200 years earlier had taken place in Poughkeepsie, while the stamp’s design pictured a scene in New York City. 

About the Bicentenary Statehood Series:  The 1935 Michigan Centenary stamp is often considered America’s first statehood stamp.  However, that stamp actually used the wrong date – Michigan ratified its constitution in 1837, but wasn’t granted statehood until 1837.  The first correct statehood stamp marked the 100^th anniversary of Arkansas in 1936.  In the years since, many other statehood stamps were issued.  However, among all these statehood stamps, 13 were missing – the first 13 states that formed our nation.  With this series, the USPS planned to honor those state as they deserved.

From 1987-1990, the Bicentenary Statehood Series commemorated the signing of the Constitution by representatives of the first 13 Colonies.  The stamps were issued in the 200th year after each state approved the Constitution.  They were issued in the order each colony became a state, though not always on the exact date of ratification.  Each stamp shows traditional symbols or scenes from the state.

History the stamp represents:  On July 26, 1788, New York ratified the US Constitution, becoming America’s 11th state.

Two of the most powerful Indian groups in North America lived in New York, the Algonquian family and the Haudenosaunee (more commonly known as the Iroquois).  These tribes were large and well organized, especially the Iroquois. The Iroquois Confederacy was the most efficient North American Indian government.

Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer sailing for France, was probably the first European to reach New York in 1524.  Henry Hudson, an Englishman serving the Dutch, sailed up the Hudson River in 1609.  His exploration gave the Netherlands rights to the territory of much of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and part of Connecticut.  The Dutch called this land New Netherland.  In 1609, the French explorer Samuel de Champlain entered the northern portion of New York, claiming that area for his country.

In 1621, a group of Dutch merchants formed the Dutch West India Company, and were given exclusive rights to trade in New Netherland for 24 years.  The company sent 30 families to settle the region in 1624.  Some of these people founded Fort Orange, now known as Albany.  This was the first permanent European settlement in New York.  In 1625, a group of Dutch colonists began building a fort and town, called New Amsterdam, on Manhattan Island.  The next year, the Dutch governor, Peter Minuit, bought Manhattan from the Indians for goods worth 60 Dutch guilders – about $24.

Over time, the English became more interested in the area, and in 1664, King Charles II of England granted his brother, James, the Duke of York, a charter for the New Netherland area.  A fleet of English warships was sent to take the area.  When the ships arrived in today’s New York harbor, New Amsterdam’s governor, Peter Stuyvesant, surrendered without a fight.  The English renamed the area New York, after the Duke of York.  The duke would later become King James II of England.

While the English took control of southern New York, the French moved into the north.  The French built a fort at Crown Point on Lake Champlain in 1731.  War had broken out in Europe between France and England in 1689.  Soon, New York became a battlefield.  From 1689 to 1763, the French and their Algonquian allies, as well as the English and their Iroquois allies, fought a series of four wars.  These costly conflicts delayed new exploration and settlement in New York.  A peace pact was signed on February 10, 1763.  The wars cost France all of her possessions in North America.

Many New Yorkers resented the presence of British soldiers, authoritative royal judges, and taxation without representation.  Still, some citizens remained loyal to the crown during the American Revolution.  Additionally, these Loyalists aided the British and enlisted the help of the Iroquois as allies against the rebels.

New York established its first independent government in 1776.  On February 6, 1778, New York approved the Articles of Confederation.  Although New York was opposed to a strong federal government, it ratified the United States Constitution on July 26, 1788, becoming America’s 11th state.

Much of the fighting during the War of 1812 took place in the frontier areas of New York.  After the conflict was resolved, large amounts of settlers moved to the northern and western portions of the state.  Then the Erie Canal was completed in 1825.  The canal provided an all-water means of transportation from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.  This greatly lowered the cost of transporting goods.  Railroads developed shortly after and by 1850, New York led the nation in population, manufacturing, and commerce, earning the nickname Empire State.

Well before the start of the Civil War, New York was largely an anti-slavery state.  However, many citizens did not feel obligated to fight in the war, and opposed the draft.  In July 1863, mobs rioted in New York City for four days.  This civil unrest was finally stopped by troops called from the battlefield.  Despite these riots, New York provided more soldiers, supplies, and money to the Union than any other state.

Since the Civil War, New York has largely benefitted from economic growth and has the highest GDP per capita in the US.  It is the nation’s leading center of banking, communications, and finance.  New York City is the largest city in the US and the 9th largest in the world (by population of the metropolitan area).  It is one of the world’s leading business centers, and has one of the world’s biggest and busiest seaports.  The United Nations headquarters are based there as well, leading many people to claim New York City as the “capital of the world.”