# 875 - 1940 Famous Americans: 2c Dr. Crawford W. Long

Issue Date: April 8, 1940
First City: Jefferson, Georgia
Quantity Issued: 57,888,600
Printed by: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method: Rotary Press
Perforation: 10 ½ x 11
Color: Rose carmine

 

Dr. Crawford Long is showcased on U.S. #875. In 1842, Long became the first person to use ether on a patient in surgery in Jefferson, Georgia. He published the effects of ether as an anesthetic/pain-killer in the "Southern Medical and Surgical Journal", helping influence its widespread use among other doctors.

 

In 1938, the Post Office Department announced plans for a series of stamps recognizing 10 famous Americans and invited the public to submit recommendations. The response was so great that it was decided to increase the number from 10 to 35. This required an unexpected level of organization by the Post Office Department for this series.

 

Seven categories were decided upon “ authors, poets, educators, scientists, composers, artists, and inventors. Each category of five has the same set of denominations 1¢, 2¢, 3¢, 5¢, and 10¢. Each rate had a valid use. The 1¢ stamp paid for a letter that was dropped off at a post office to someone who had a box at the same office. The 2¢ was for local delivery. The 3¢ paid the normal non-local mail rate, and the 5¢ and 10¢ were used in combination for heavier letters and special rates. The denominations also shared a consistent coloring scheme: 1¢ is bright blue green; 2¢ is rose carmine; 3¢ is bright red violet; 5¢ is ultramarine; and 10¢ is dark brown.

 

Each category has its subjects arranged with the oldest birth date going on the 1¢ stamp, down to the most recent birth date on the 10¢ stamp. Each category has its own dedicated symbol in the engraving a scroll, quill pen and inkwell for authors; a winged horse (Pegasus) for poets; the â"Lamp of Knowledge" for educators; laurel leaves and the pipes of the Roman god Pan for composers; and inventors had a cogwheel with uplifted wings and a lightning flash to symbolize power, flight, and electricity.

 

The artists and the scientists have multiple symbols.Artists have either a paint palette and brush (for painters), and the sculptors have a stonecutting hammer and chisel.Scientists had the classical symbol of their particular profession.