U.S. #4654

2012 45¢ Joseph Brodsky

20th Century American Poets

Issue Date: April 21, 2012

City: Los Angeles, CA

Quantity: 2,000,000

Printed By: Ashton Potter

Printing Method: Offset

Perforations: Die cut 10 ¾ x 11
Color: multicolored

In the spring of 1972, Russian officials stormed the apartment of poet Joseph Brodsky (1940-96), confiscated his writings and put him on a plane to Vienna, Austria, exiling him from his home country.

By the age of 15, Brodsky left school and worked in various jobs at a morgue, mill, boiler room, and geologic expedition. He taught himself English and Polish so he could read the works of John Donne and Czeslaw Milosz. It was at this time he began writing his own poetry and prose. Brodsky’s work explored the relationship between poet and society and the power of literature to develop language and culture, as well as loss, suffering, exile, moral ambiguity, and old age. 

Brodsky became target of the state, denouncing his work as “anti-Soviet.” Charged with social parasitism (contributing nothing to society), he served 18 months of hard labor, resumed his writing, and was later exiled. 

Arriving in America after a short stay in Vienna, Brodsky was an immediate celebrity. He taught at several American and British Universities, was awarded the Nobel Prize, and served as Poet Laureate. In that position, he suggested that anthologies be left in public places, so the “lonely or weary might pick up poetry and discover unexpectedly that others had experienced these emotions before.” Brodsky’s idea was adopted and has since brought the joy of poetry to the masses.

Opening Of Mount Holyoke

On November 8, 1837, Mary Lyons opened Mount Holyoke Female Seminary.

Mary Lyon was born on February 28, 1797, near Buckland, Massachusetts.  As a child, Lyon attended local schools off and on, though she eventually would teach at those schools.  Her irregular education as a child inspired her to a lifelong drive to give young girls from poor families better educational opportunities than she had.

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At a time when few women received even basic instruction, Lyon determined to learn as much as she could.  She began teaching when she was just 17 years old and soon realized she needed more education herself.  Lyon said she gained “knowledge by the handfuls,” by attending lectures and taking courses at colleges for men (sometimes a three-day trip).  As she continued to learn and teach, she began envisioning a school that offered rigorous academics and was available to women from all walks of life.

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In the midst of a severe economic depression, Lyon wrote ads, raised money, convinced businessmen to support her, created a curriculum, selected the school’s location, oversaw construction of the building, hired teachers, and chose students.  She was ridiculed for her ambition and told she was wasting her time. In spite of the hard economic times, she was able to persuade wealthy, influential men to back her college for women.  In addition to securing financial backing, Lyon designed the building the school would be housed in and developed the curriculum.

On November 8, 1837, Lyon opened Mount Holyoke Female Seminary to its first 80 students.  They were required to take seven courses in science and mathematics before graduating.  Lyon introduced laboratory experiments, a novel idea in women’s education, and field trips to collect specimens of plants and rocks.

Lyon was an early proponent of physical education for women, and the attendees were required to walk a mile each day and perform calisthenics, a form of exercise that combines stretching and strengthening movements.  The girls were required to perform chores to keep the tuition down.  The cost of $60 per year was affordable to families of modest means. The school was a success – proving that such a school for women could survive, and that women were just as intellectually capable as men.

Over time, the school grew, and by the mid 1800’s, many female teachers in the East were Mount Holyoke graduates. Lyon’s model was followed by other schools, giving young women the opportunity to obtain a higher education throughout the country and around the world.  In 1905, Mary Lyon was inducted into the Hall of Fame for Great Americans for her innovative college.

Today, Mount Holyoke College (it was renamed in 1893) has more than 2,000 students enrolled and is still known for its strong academic program.  Mount Holyoke College  offers two years of general education in liberal arts and two years of concentrated studies in one of twenty-four academic areas.

Several Mount Holyoke teachers and graduates have been honored on U.S. stamps, including: