U.S. #348
Series of 1908-10 1¢ Franklin Coil

Issue Date: December 29, 1908
Quantity issued: 11,104,634
Printed by: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Method: Flat plate
Watermark:  Double line
Perforation: 12 horizontally
Color: Green

In 1908, the Post Office Department issued a new set of Definitive (...  more

U.S. #348
Series of 1908-10 1¢ Franklin Coil

Issue Date: December 29, 1908
Quantity issued: 11,104,634
Printed by: Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Method: Flat plate
Watermark:  Double line
Perforation: 12 horizontally
Color: Green

In 1908, the Post Office Department issued a new set of Definitive (Regular Issue) stamps. Denominations included 1¢, 2¢, 3¢, 4¢, 5¢, 6¢, 8¢, 10¢, 13¢, 15¢, 50¢ and $1.00 The 1¢ stamp pictures Benjamin Franklin, with all others featuring a profile of George Washington.

The border designs are identical, with a much cleaner and more modern look than previous issues. The uniformity and simpler design were initiated in order to make preparation work easier and to extend the life of the printing plates.

The 1908-09 designs remained in use for several years, with numerous varieties in terms of perforations and watermarks. U.S. #348 is printed on double line watermarked paper and perforated 12 horizontally.

First Nationwide Coil Stamp Issued 

On December 29, 1908, the US Post Office Department issued its first coil stamps on a national scale.

Earlier that year, the Post Office experimented with coil stamps but only made them available in five cities. The experiment ended after a representative from the Post Office Department successfully broke into the vending machines used to sell the stamps.

Then on December 29, 1908, the Post Office Department ushered in a new era in both mail delivery and philately. On that day, the first coil stamp (US #348) was made available at post office windows around the country.

The 1¢ Franklin and the 1909 coil stamps that followed it, were produced on a slightly modified version of the same flat plate press used to print sheet stamps. After the sheets were printed, they were sent through a perforating machine and perforated in only one direction. Then, the printed and perforated stamp sheets were fed into another machine that would cut the sheets into twenty strips of twenty stamps each.

Because coils of only twenty stamps would not have been efficient for use in stamp vending machines, something had to be done to make the coils longer. Each of the strips had to be taken from the cutting machine by hand and glued end to end into coil rolls of either 500 or 1,000 stamps. This was the only step in the process that required manual labor. Soon, the Rotary Press would make it possible to nearly omit this step, thus automating the process almost entirely. Using the rotary press, workers only had to paste-up every 6,000 sheets!

This first batch of coils stamps was perforated 12, but it was discovered that they separated too easily. So in 1910, the Post Office began perforating the stamps 8 ½. But this made the stamps too difficult to separate. A perforation of 10 was then adopted beginning in 1914.