# 2478 - 1991 3c Eastern Bluebird

US #2478
1991 Eastern Bluebird

• Part of Flora and Fauna Series
• Shows the state bird of New York and Missouri

Category of Stamp:  Definitive
Set:  Flora and Fauna
Value:  3¢
First Day of Issue:  June 22, 1991
First Day City:  Aurora, Colorado
Quantity Issued:  200,000,000
Printed by:  American Bank Note Company
Printing Method:  Lithographed
Format:  Panes of 100, from plates of 400 (20 across, 20 down)
Perforations:  11

Reason the stamp was issued:  This stamp would have been used in combination with others to cover postage.

About the stamp design:  The image of the Eastern Bluebird was created by wildlife artist Michael Matherly.  This species is the state bird of New York and Missouri.  It was pictured on the State Birds and Flowers pane.

First Day City:  The First Day of Issue ceremony for this stamp took place on the second day of Topex 91, a stamp show sponsored by the American Topical Association.  The event was held in Aurora, Colorado.

About the Flora and Fauna Series: 
On June 1, 1990, the USPS issued the first stamp in the Flora and Fauna series.
The Flora and Fauna series was born from plans for a Priority Mail stamp in 1987. At the time, the USPS was considering what to feature on their new Priority Mail stamp. Express Mail stamps at the time pictured eagles, so they thought Priority stamps could picture fast land animals.

The USPS then tasked three artists with providing some wildlife artwork for consideration. However, they didn’t act on the artwork and filed it away. The following year, the USPS did use one of the pieces, a pheasant painting by Chuck Ripper, for a stamp needed for the new 25¢ first-class rate.

By 1990, the USPS was ready to replace the Great Americans series, which had begun in 1980. Early in the year, there was an urgent need for $2 stamps, as their stocks of $2 William Jennings Bryan stamps was depleted about six weeks before the new stamp was issued. The USPS chose another of Chuck Ripper’s paintings, of a bobcat, to grace the new $2 stamp.

One thing the USPS knew they wanted to do with the new series was place the higher values on larger sized stamps, to help postal workers more easily distinguish $1, $2, and $5 stamps from 1¢, 2¢, and 5¢ stamps. They considered using the special-issue size used for Christmas and Love stamps but ultimately decided to go with the regular commemorative size “to give the collector and the user of these stamps more for their money” according to one USPS official.

The $2 bobcat stamp that began the new series was issued on June 1, 1990, at the opening of NAPEX 90, the show of the National Philatelic Exhibitions of Washington, DC, held in Arlington, Virginia. The president of NAPEX 90, as well as a naturalist from the National Wildlife Federation, were among those that addressed the crowd. During the ceremony, a postal official said, “This is the first issue planned in the conversion of high-value sheet stamps from the Great Americans series to the colorful, commemorative-size Wildlife series. The $2 Bobcat stamp is a regular issue and will remain in use for a number of years. Eventually, the format of the $1 and $5 regular issues will follow in the tracks of the Bobcat stamp.”

Similar to the $5 Bret Harte stamp, the $2 bobcat was issued in a mini-sheet of 20. The selvage including the words “American Wildlife” and “Bobcat (Lynx rufus),” though the animal wasn’t identified by name on the stamp.

In 1991, lower-value definitives were needed, and the USPS made a break with tradition. Going forward, all values less than 10¢ would have a zero before them and no cents sign. However, in 1995, they reversed that decision, and went back to using a cents sign without the leading zero.

For most of the series’ life, it was referred to as the Wildlife Series. Then with the issue of the 2¢ Red-Headed Woodpecker on June 22, 1999, the USPS began calling it the Flora and Fauna Series. Over the course of the series, there were 36 face-different stamps (55 in all) that pictured a wide variety of flora and fauna. The flora included flowers, berries, fruit and a pinecone, while the fauna consisted mostly of birds as well as a fawn, squirrel, honeybee, fox, and sunfish. The tulip stamps used the rate-change F denomination. These stamps were issued in a variety of formats – sheets, booklets, coils – and as perforated with water-activated gum or with straight edges or serpentine die cuts with self-adhesive gum.

The first Distinguished Americans stamps were issued to replace this series in 2000, and the final Flora and Fauna stamps were issued in May 2001

History the stamp represents:  The Eastern bluebird is named for its color.  Its range is the eastern half of the US and southern Canada.  Its population has reduced drastically due to the destruction of its natural habitat of woodlands, fields, and orchards. In 1996, this stamp was reprinted. This reprinted version differed from the original stamp in several ways; the new stamp utilizes a cent sign (¢) and also bears the year date 1995 in the lower-left margin.