# 2040 - 1983 20c US and Germany

U.S. #2040
1983 20¢ US and Germany

• Commemorates 300^th anniversary of German immigration to America
• 2^nd joint issue of 1983 – the first time the USPS produced two joint issues in one year

Stamp Category:  Commemorative
Value:  20¢, first-class rate
First Day of Issue:  April 29, 1983
First Day City:  Germantown, Pennsylvania
Quantity Issued:  117,025,000
Printed by:  Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Printing Method:  Engraved
Format:  Panes of 50 in sheets of 200
Perforations:  11
Color:  Brown
Joint Issue:  Germany #1397

Why the stamp was issued:  Commemorates the 300th anniversary of the arrival of the first German immigrants to the US.

About the stamp design:  Both the US and German stamps feature the same artwork by Richard Schlecht, an American artist of German ancestry.  He created his image of the Concord based on descriptions of similar ships, as no depictions of the Concord could be found.  While the US stamp was printed entirely in brown ink, the German stamp was printed by gravure, with the ship and sea in a bluish gray and the background in light brown. 

First Day City:  The First Day ceremony was held in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.  In Germany, the ceremony was held in Krefeld, where many of the Germantown settlers originated. 

History the stamp represents:  On October 6, 1683, thirty-three Germans arrived in Pennsylvania to establish the first major German settlement in America.  The settlement would go on to become the birthplace of the anti-slavery movement, first bank of the United States, and more.

The Swedish were the first people to establish a permanent settlement in modern-day Pennsylvania.  In 1643, they made Tinicum Island, near Philadelphia, which was then the capital of the colony of New Sweden.

Dutch troops led by Peter Stuyvesant came from New Netherland and captured New Sweden in 1655.  The Dutch controlled the region until 1664, when the English assumed control.  The Duke of York governed until 1681, when King Charles II gave this land to William Penn to pay a debt he owed his father, an English admiral.

Penn wanted to name the region New Wales, but was blocked by a powerful Welsh member of the Privy Council.  So, Penn settled on the name Sylvania, which means woods.  King James II added Penn to the name in honor of William’s father.

As a Quaker, William Penn wanted the people of Pennsylvania to have freedom to worship, as well as personal and political freedoms.  He arrived in Pennsylvania in 1682 with the colony’s first constitution, the Frame of Government, which he had written.  It provided for a deputy governor and an elected legislature with a provincial council and a general assembly.

Thousands of miles away in Germany, people learned of the new Pennsylvania colony and its promise of religious freedom.  Among those people was Francis Daniel Pastorius, who worked as an agent for a land purchasing company in the city of Frankfurt am Main.  Pastorius organized a group of interested Quakers and Mennonites from the Rhineland to prepare for a voyage to the New World.  At the time, Mennonites, part of Protestant sect, were widely persecuted in their homeland and sought religious freedom.

Pastorius left before the group so that he could arrange their settlement.  He arrived in Philadelphia in August 1683 and negotiated with William Penn to set aside a tract of land northwest of Philadelphia for the first large settlement of Germans in America.

On July 6, 1683, a group of 13 Mennonite families (33 people total) boarded a ship for America.  They arrived on October 6, 1683 after a three-month voyage aboard the Concord.  (The ship has since come to be known as the “German Mayflower.”)  Their new home was initially known as Armentown (town of the poor).  Arriving close to winter, they dug cellars into the ground that served as their homes that first year.  The following year they built new homes, grew flax, set up looms and worked weaving, tailoring, and shoemaking.  They found wild grapes and established vineyards.  In fact, their official seal pictured a grape vine, flax blossom, and weaver’s spool.

Following Penn’s instructions, the settlers opted not to build scattered farms, but instead to build their homes close together.  By the end of the 1600s, Germantown had a Main Street lined with peach trees, a central market, and burial grounds.  They established mills along the streams and grew flowers and vegetables in their three-acre plots.

Germantown was incorporated on August 12, 1689.  Pastorius served as burgomaster (similar to a mayor), establishing a school system and writing the first resolution in America against slavery.  In fact, because of this document, Germantown is often considered the birthplace of the anti-slavery movement in America.

By 1701, they established the first Germantown Fair, which made their unique crafts popular among other settlements.  Within a few years, Germantown’s population had increased so greatly, other German towns were established – Kriegsheim, Sommerhausen, and Krefeld.

During the Revolutionary War, British units occupied Germantown.  On October 4, 1777, the Continental Army, as well as Germantown citizens, attacked their headquarters.  A few years later, when George Washington was president, he and his family lived in Germantown to escape the yellow fever epidemic of 1793.  Also, during his time in office, Germantown became home to the first bank of the United States.

In 1854, Germantown and the nearby German Township were incorporated into Philadelphia through the Act of Consolidation.  Germantown lives on, however, as a historic district within Philadelphia.  Today, there are an estimated 43 million people of German ancestry living in the United States.